Shingle



H. ABRAHAM Aug. 4, v1959 SHINGLE Filed Jan. 29. 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 plz-7. 1.

m M 3 @Rij a f ..-Il ---In ..m/ f, f ,D /w

1 INVENTOR. /iefr kfw/441 Aug. 4, 1959 H. ABRAHAM 2,897,773

SHINGLE Filed Jan. 29. 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ffa-7, 5'.

1N VEN TOR. Haar 45p/www4 H. ABRAHAM Aug. 4, 1959 SHINGLE 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 29, 1954 Aug. 4, 1959 Filed Jan. 29. 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. /fE/ser 45e/14M United States Patent() srnNGLE Herbert Abraham, New York, N.Y., assignor to The Ruberoid Co., New York, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application January 2,9, 1954, Serial No. 407,037 6 Claims. (Cl. 10S-7) This invention relates to a shingle, and more particularly to a shingle of the type that when laid with other shingles of like form, provides a roof of at least two thicknesses of material at all points and having substantially T-shaped exposure patterns.

Examples of prior art shingles of this general type are to be found in the Killingsworth Patent Number 2,460,353, and in my co-pending application Serial No. 383,747, now Patent No. 2,818,823. The Killingsworth shingle has tabs projecting outwardly from both its top or head portion and its bottom or butt portion. The shingle of my co-pending application has tabs extending outwardly from the sides at the lower end of its shank portion. Shingles of such form are subject to the objections that they require a net amount of material ranging from about 225 to 240 square feet to cover a square of roof area with at least two thicknesses at all points, and that the tabs may be broken olf in handling and shipping, as well as having other disadvantages.

The principal object of my invention is to provide shingles of such form that they may be laid to form va roof having the desired result of double coverage, and the desired appearance of T-shaped exposure patterns, with use of a minimum amount of rooting material. The form of my improved shingle effects a considerable' saving, both in the gross and net amount of material required per square of area, over any prior art shingle, of which I am aware, designed to eifect like coverage and appearance. The absolute minimum of material to provide double-coverage per square is 200 square feet. With my improved shingle that result may be attained with a net amount of only about 205 to 212 square feet, a very marked economy as compared with the prior art shingles. Y

Another object of the invention is to provide a shingle that has straight parallel vertical edges along the sides of its head and. shank portions free from any outwardly projecting tabs.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of one form of shingle embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan View of an assembly of several of the shingles laid in courses to provide a double-coverage roofing having T-shaped patterns;

Fig. 3 s a plan view of a sheet of roong material showing a manner of cutting vthe shingles therefrom;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a modified form of the shingle;

Fig. 5 is a plan view showing shingles of the shape of Fig. 4 laid to form a roof covering;

Fig. 6 is a plan View ofanother modied form of the shingle; and,

Fig. 7 is a plan View showing shingles of the shape of Fig. 6 laid to form a roof covering.

The Vshingle in each of its forms hasa rectangular head portion 10, an intermediate portion 11, and a rectangular f ice shank position 12. All three of these portions are of equal height. The head and shank portions each have straight, parallel, vertical side edges 13 and 14 respec tively. In the form of the shingle illustrated in Figs. l, 2 and 3, the intermediate portion also has straight, parallel, vertical side edges 15. An extension 16 is formed along the top edge of the head portion 10 intermediate the side edges 13 of said portion.

In the preferred form of the shingle, each of the portions 10, 11, and 12 is six inches in height, and the extension 16 is one-half inch in height, the overall height of the shingle being eighteen and a half inches. This permits of cutting two shingles widthwise of a sheet or web 17 of roong material of thirty-seven and a half inch width with only a slight waste of material along the longitudinal edges of the sheet, as indicated by the hatched areas 18 in Fig. 3. Y

No claim to invention is made as to the manner of cutting as such manner is generally practised in the art so that butt edges 19 of the shingles, whether formed in the middle or along the edges of the sheet, will be cleanly cut and have a uniform appearance. The extensions 16 also perform a useful function in that they afford additional protection against leakage when the shingles are laid as shown in Fig. 2. Sheets or webs of roofing material of thirty-seven and a half inch width are commonly used in the manufacture of asphalt shingles of the T-shape type. l

In each of the three species of the shingle illustrated in the drawing, the lower edges 20v of the head portion 10 are of the same widths as the lower edges 21 of the ntermediate portion 11. In the preferred form of each species, the width of the head portion is twenty-four inches.- With shingles of the overall width and length described, and of the forms and proportions shown and described, it requires only one hundred shingles to cover a square of roof area, thus aifording a low labor cost of application.

The modified shingles illustrated in Figs. 4 and 6 diifer in shape from Fig. 1 in that the side edges of their intermediate portions 11 are respectively formed in reversed symmetrical halves, as hereinafter described, instead of single vertical lines.

Referring to Fig. 4, each side edge of the intermediate portion comprises two vertical lines 22 and 23 of the same length. The lines 22 which deiine the upper half of the intermediate portion are offset or spaced inwardly from the lines 23 that deiine the lower half of said portion by horizontal edges 24. In the preferred form of this species of the shingle the lines 22 and 23 are each three inches in length and the edges 24 are each one and one-half inches in width.

In the species of shingle illustrated in Fig. 6i, the sides of the upper and lower halves of the intermediate portion are each defined by vertical lines 25-26, 27-28, inclined lines 29-30, and horizontal lines 31. The edge portions 25 and 26 areV of the same length, preferably each one and one-half inches, while the edge portions 27 and 28 are of equal length, each preferably two inches. The width of the horizontal edges 31, which corresponds to the horizontal edges 24 of the species of Fig. 4, is in this form also preferably one and a half inches. Here, too, as in Fig. 4, the side edges 27 of the upper half of the intermediate portion are offset inwardly from the side edges 28 of the lower half. In this form of shingle the shank portion 12 has inclined slits 32 in its side edges, which slits correspond in length to each of the inclined edges 29 and 30.

In applying the shingles, as shown in Figs. 2, 5 and 7, each shingle is secured with two nails 33 located as indicated on the uppermost portion of each of those shingles,

for fastening the shingles of the formsY of Figs. l and 4;

With such fasteners,-the nails serveV both to secure the underlying shingles of a course Vand the butts ofthe shingles of the next overlying course, the upper portion of the nail or fastener being clinched down to effect that result, as described in my said patent. When ordinary roofing nails are employed, the butts of the shingles of each overlying course may be held down with cement or other fastening means. With shingles of the form of Fig. 6, the butts :are locked down by engaging the slits 32 of the overlying shingles in the corners formed by the edges Z6 and 30 of the underlying shingles, as indicated in Fig. 7. s

. One distinguishing feature of the shape of my improved shingle is that, as previously noted, the width oftheY horizontal edge 20 is the same as that of the horizontal edge 21 in each of the three species, although the width measured in inches may vary somewhat in theirA preferred forms. In the form of Fig. l, the edges 20 and 21 are each four'inches, while in the form of Figs. 4 and 6 they are each three and three-quarter inches wide. v

While the dimensions given relate to the preferred embodiment of the invention or improvement in the three species of shingle, it is to be understood that they may be proportionately varied depending upon the width of the sheet from which the shingles are cut, or the desired overall dimensions of the shingle.

It will be seen, on further inspection of Figs. 2, and 7, that the form of my improved shingle minimizes the areas of the roof that are covered with three layers or thicknesses of material. Those areas amount to but a small percentage of the whole, and thus conduce to the desired ultimate result of requiring use of the least amount of material per square of roof area to effect a leakproof covering of at least two thicknesses at all points.

What I claim is:

1. A shingle adapted to be laid in courses with like shingles to provide a roof covering of at least two thicknesses of .material at all points, having substantially TW-shaped exposure patterns, said shingle having a rectangular head portion, a rectangular shank portion, and an intermediate portion, all three of the same vertical height, the head and shank portions each respectively having straight unbroken vertical parallel side edges, each of said edges consisting of a single continuous straight line, the width and area of the head portion being substantially equal to the combined width and area, respectively, of the intermediate and shank portions, substantially the entire intermediate and shank portions being exposed and the entire head portions being covered when said shingle is laid in courses with like shingles, whereby the total area of the shingle is only substantially twice the exposed area thereof.

2. A shingle adapted to be laid in courses with like shingles to provide a roof covering of at least two thicknesses of material at all points, having substantially T-shaped exposure patterns, said shingle having a rectangular head portion, a rectangular shank portion, and an intermediate portion, all three of the same vertical height, the head and shank portions each respectively having straight unbroken vertical parallel side edges, each of said edges consisting of a single continuous straight line, said head portion having an extension along its top edge intermediate its sides, the intermediate and the shank portions being successively reduced in width with respect to the head portion, the lower edges of the head and the intermediate portions being of the same width, .the width and area of the head portion being substantially l shingles to provide a roof covering of at least two thick-W intermediate and shank portions,`substantially the enequal to the combined width and area, respectively, of the tire intermediate and shank portions being exposed and the entire head portion being covered when said shingle is laid in courses with like shingles, whereby the total area of the shingle, exceptforsaid extension, is only substantially twice the exposed area thereof.

3. A shingle adapted to be laid in courses with like nesses of material at Vall points, having substantially T-shaped exposure patterns, said shingle having a rectangular head portion, a rectangular shank portion, and an intermediate portion, all three of the same vertical height, the head 'and shank portions each respectively having straight unbroken vertical parallel side edges, each of said edges consisting of a single continuous straight line, said head portion having an extension along its top edge intermediate its sides, the intermediate and the shank portions being successively reduced in width with respect to the head portion, the lower edges of the head and the intermediate portions being of the same width, the side edges of the intermediate portion consisting of two symmertical halves of like form, the upper half of each of said edges being a replica in reverse of the lower half.

4. A shingle of the character described comprising rectangular head, shank, and intermediate portions each of the same vertical height and each respectively having straight unbroken vertical parallel side edges, each of said edges consisting of a single continuous straight line, the intermediate and the shank portions being successively reduced in width with reference to the head portion and to each other, the lower horizontal edges of the head and the intermediate portions being of the same width, the width and area of the head portion being substantially equal to the combined width and area, respectively, of the intermediate and shank portions, substantially the entire intermediate and shank portions being exposed and the entire head portion being covered when said shingle is laid in courses with like shingles, whereby the total area of the shingle is only substantially twice the exposedarea thereof.

5. A shingle of the character described comprising rectangular head and shank portions having straight unbrokenvertical parallel side edges, an intermediate portion, all three of said portions being of the same vertical height, the intermediate and the shank portions being successively reduced in width with reference to the head portion and to each other, the lower horizontal edges of the head and the shank portions being of the same width, the side edges of the intermediate portion being formed of two symmetrical halves of like shape in reverse, the upper and lower halves each consisting of a straight vertical edge portion of the same height connected by a horizontal edge portion, the upper vertical edge portion being oiset inwardly from the lower vertical edge portion, the head and shank portions each respectively having straight vertical parallel side edges each consisting of a single continuous straight line. 6, A shingle of the character described comprising rectangularhead'and Vshank portions having straight unbroken vertical parallel side edges, an intermediate portion, all three of said portions beingof the same vertical height, the intermediate and the shank portions'being successivelyreducedin width with reference to the head -portion and to each other,l the lower horizontal edges of the head and the shank portions being of the same width, the side edges of the intermediate'portion being formed of two symmetrical halves of like shape in reverse, the rupper and `lower halves l'each consisting of two straight vertical edge portions of different lengths joined by an inclined edge, the two composite side edge portions being connected by ahorizontalV edge portion, the upper com- :gesamte References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS French Nov. 13, 1928 Black Mar. 15, 1932 Abraham July 6, 1948 OReilly Aug. 17, 1948 Killingsworth Feb. 1, 1949 Greider et a1 Dec. 12, 1950 Robert Aug. 19, 1952 Abraham Nov. 18, 1952 Abraham Nov. 24, 1953 29e-tent No, 2,897,773

a TCTTN August I+, 1959 Herbert Abraham It is herebr certified that error a of the above numbered Patent should read as ppears in the -pr'nted specification patent requiring correction and that the said Letters corrected below.

Column 4, lines l and 2.,

should read sus shown below instead of as in patent equal to the Combined Width erm aree., respectively, of the intermediate and shank portions,

eubstentatlly the en u,

Signed and sealed this 16th dry o i960 (STATT) .f f-f/ Attest:

KARL H, MEINE Commissioner of Patents 

